To Draw or Plan Something Before Making or Doing It

This article is about diagrams or drawings. For artistic drawing, see Drawing. For other types of plans, run into Plan (disambiguation).

Plans are a ready of drawings or two-dimensional diagrams used to describe a place or object, or to communicate building or fabrication instructions. Usually plans are drawn or printed on paper, but they can take the form of a digital file.

Plans are used in a range of fields: architecture, urban planning, landscape architecture, mechanical technology, civil engineering, industrial technology to systems engineering science.

The term "plan" may casually be used to refer to a single view, sheet, or drawing in a set of plans. More specifically a plan view is an orthographic projection looking down on the object, such as in a flooring programme.

Overview [edit]

Plans are oft for technical purposes such as compages, engineering, or planning. Their purpose in these disciplines is to accurately and unambiguously capture all the geometric features of a site, building, product or component. Plans can likewise be for presentation or orientation purposes, and are oftentimes less detailed versions of the former. The cease goal of plans is either to portray an existing place or object, or to convey enough information to allow a builder or manufacturer to realize a design.

The process of producing plans, and the skill of producing them, is often referred to every bit technical cartoon. A working drawing is a type of technical cartoon, which is part of the documentation needed to build an engineering science product or architecture. Typically in architecture these could include ceremonious drawings, architectural drawings, structural drawings, mechanical drawings, electrical drawings, and plumbing drawings. In engineering, these drawings show all necessary information to manufacture a given object, such as dimensions and angles.

Plan features [edit]

Format [edit]

Plans are oftentimes prepared in a "set". The set includes all the data required for the purpose of the set, and may exclude views or projections which are unnecessary. A fix of plans can be on standard office-sized paper or on large sheets. Information technology can be stapled, folded or rolled as required. A gear up of plans can likewise take the form of a digital file in a proprietary format such as DWG or an exchange file format such as DXF or PDF.

Plans are often referred to as "blueprints" or "bluelines". However, the terms are chop-chop becoming an anachronism, since these copying methods have generally been superseded past reproduction processes that yield black or multicolour lines on white paper, or past electronic representations of information.

Scale [edit]

Plans are usually "calibration drawings", meaning that the plans are drawn at a specific ratio relative to the actual size of the identify or object. Various scales may be used for different drawings in a set. For example, a floor plan may be drawn at 1:48 (or 1/4"=1'-0") whereas a detailed view may exist drawn at 1:24 (or i/ii"=ane'-0"). Site plans are oft drawn at 1" = 20' (1:240) or 1" = 30' (ane:360).

In the metric system the ratios normally are 1:5, 1:10, 1:20, ane:50, 1:100, 1:200, 1:500, 1:1000, ane:2000 and 1:5000

Views and projections [edit]

Symbols used to define whether a projection is either Third Bending (correct) or Offset Angle (left).

Because plans represent 3-dimensional objects on a two-dimensional plane, the utilize of views or projections is crucial to the legibility of plans. Each project is achieved by assuming a vantage point from which to see the identify or object, and a type of project. These projection types are:

Classification of Plan (drawing) and some 3D projections

• Parallel project
  • Orthographic projection
    • Multiview projection, including:
      • Plan view or floor program view
      • Elevation, usually a side view of an outside
      • Department, a view of the interior at a particular cut plane
    • Axonometric project, including:
      • Isometric projection
      • Dimetric projection
      • Trimetric projection
  • Oblique projection, and
• Perspective projection, including:
  • One-betoken perspective
  • Two-point perspective
  • Three-point perspective

Planning approach [edit]

There is no universal standard for canvass order, nevertheless the following describes a common arroyo:

• Full general Information : The first sheets in a fix may include notes, assembly descriptions, a rendering of the project, or just the project title.
• Site : Site plans, including a central plan, appear earlier other plans and on smaller projects may be on the first sheet. A project could require a landscape plan, although this can be integrated with the site plan if the cartoon remains articulate.
• Specific plans : Flooring plans, starting with the lowest floor and ending with the roof plan usually appear about the beginning of the set. Further, for example, reflected Ceiling Plans (RCP)s showing ceiling layouts appear after the floor plans.
• Elevations : Starting with the chief, or front end superlative, all the building elevations announced after the plans. Smaller residential projects may display the elevations before the plans. Meridian details may appear on the same sheets as the building elevations.
• Sections: Edifice sections that depict views cut through the entire building appear next, followed past wall sections, then item sections.
• Details: Details may announced on any of the previous sheets, or may be collected to announced on detail sheets. These details may include structure details that show how the components of the edifice fit together. These details may also include millwork drawings or other interior details.
• Schedules: Many aspects of a building must be listed as schedules on larger projects. These include schedules for windows, doors, wall or floor finishes, hardware, landscaping elements, rooms, and areas.

Where additional systems are complex and require many details for installation, specialized additional plan drawings may exist used, such as:

• Structural: While smaller projects may only show structural data on the plans and sections, larger projects have divide sheets describing the structure of the building.
• Mechanical: Mechanical drawings show plumbing, heating, ventilation and air-conditioning systems, or fire protection systems.
• Electric :Electrical plan drawings may include equipment and cable tray layout, lighting and power, grounding, telephone, local surface area network, special communications or signal systems, or a reflected lighting plan.

See also [edit]

• Architectural cartoon
• Pattern
• Engineering drawing
• Flooring plan
• Firm plan
• Plat

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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plan_(drawing)

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